  Vine Linux̃VXeǗ
  Masaki Kawamura


  1.  VXeǗ

  Linux lŎgpĂl Linux ̊Ǘ҂ł܂DVine
  Linux^pɂCKvȃR}hȒPɏЉ܂Dȉ̃R
  }h̓^[~iŎs܂DR}ḧIvV̏ڍׂ̓I
  C}jAQƂĉD


  1.1.  VXȅԂm


      psR}h

  Linuxł͗lXȃvZXsĂ܂DpsR}h͎N
  vZẌꗗ\܂DCSẴvZX\ꍇ́Cps
  augxwsĉDړĨvZXtɂ grepR}hp
  ƕ֗łD


       $ ps augxw | grep kterm
       root     29976  0.0  0.7  3204  1832   ?   S    09:54   0:00 kterm
       root     29977  0.0  0.6  3108  1736   ?   S    09:54   0:00 kterm



  s̃vZX̏Ԃ𒀎ꍇtopR}hp܂D


      fBNg /proc

  CPUfoCXȂǃVXȅԂ̓fBNg /procɏ܂DcatR
  }hȂǂgĎ̃t@CĉB []

  [] u/procv͉zt@CVXeƌĂ΂An[hfBXNȂǂ
  Iȃ\[X͏܂B



       $ cat /proc/cpuinfo            CPȔ
       $ cat /proc/meminfo            ̏
       $ cat /proc/swaps              Xbv̈̏
       $ cat /proc/ioports            I/O|[g̏
       $ cat /proc/interrupts         (IRQ)̏
       $ cat /proc/modules            J[lW[̏
       $ cat /proc/sound              TEh̏



  1.2.  t@CVXe


      dfR}h

  fBNgt@CǗVXeŜt@CVXeƌ
  DfBXN̎gp󋵂ɂ́CdfR}hg܂D



  $ df
  t@CVXe     KoCg  gp   gp   gp  }Egꏊ
  /dev/hda1            1492311  955030   460171     67%   /
  /dev/hda5            1981000 1246384   632204     66%   /export
  /dev/hda6             995115  163100   780609     17%   /home



      }Eg

  CD-ROM}Egɂ mountR}hg܂D


       # mount /mnt/cdrom



  I[g}Eg autofsNĂꍇɂ́C/misc/cdɃANZX
  ŎIɃ}Eg܂D


  }EgɂumountR}hg܂DCD-ROM}Eg
  ́Cumount܂łCD-ROMoƂ͂ł܂D


       # umount /mnt/cdrom



      fsckR}h

  t@CVXeꂽꍇ́CfsckR}hłxCC邱Ƃ
  ł܂D}EgĂt@CVXeɑ΂Ă͍sȂŉD


       # fsck /dev/hda7



  1.3.  lbg[N


      ifconfigR}h

  lbg[NɐڑĂꍇC΂ΕsʂɂȂ邱Ƃ܂D
  ̂Ƃɂ̓lbg[N̏Ԃ𒲂ׂKv܂DifconfigR}h
  IPAhXlbg}XN̕\ݒs܂D



  # /sbin/ifconfig -a
  lo        N@:[J[vobN
            inetAhX:127.0.0.1}XN:255.0.0.0
            UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:3924  Metric:1
            RXpPbg:243 G[:0 :0 I[o:0 t[:0
            TXpPbg:243 G[:0 :0 I[o:0 LA:0
            Փ(Collisions):0

  eth0      N@:C[T[lbg  n[hEFAAhX 00:11:22:33:44:55
            inetAhX:192.168.0.5 u[hLXg:192.168.0.255 }XN:255.255.255.0
            UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
            RXpPbg:484317 G[:0 :0 I[o:0 t[:0
            TXpPbg:214093 G[:0 :0 I[o:0 LA:0
            Փ(Collisions):5668
            荞:10 x[XAhX:0xb000



      netstatR}h

  ݒɖ肪ꍇ͒ʐMoH𒲂ׂKv܂DnetstatR}h
  ł̓[eBO(oH)m邱Ƃł܂D


       $ netstat -nr
       J[lIPoHe[u
       MTCg    Q[gEFC    lbg}XN   tO   MSS Window  irtt C^[tF[X
       192.168.0.0     *               255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0
       127.0.0.0       *               255.0.0.0       U         0 0          0 lo
       default         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0



      pingR}htracerouteR}h

  pingR}h͑̃zXg܂ŁCƒʐMs邩ׂ邱Ƃł
  ܂DԂAĂΌpĂ܂D~߂ɂ [Ctrl]+[c]
  ܂D


       $ ping vinelinux.org
       PING vinelinux.org (210.224.149.139): 56 data bytes
       64oCg M 210.224.149.139: ICMP_Seq=0 TTL=52 =92.0~b
       64oCg M 210.224.149.139: ICMP_Seq=1 TTL=52 =94.1~b
       --- vinelinux.org ping v ---
       MpPbg 2, MpPbg 2, pPbg 0%
       Round-Trip ŏ//ő = 210.2/227.8/245.5~b



  tracerouteR}hpƓřoH܂ŕ܂D


       # traceroute vinelinux.org



  2.  LANƃZLeB

  LAN\ăC^[lbgɐڑĂꍇC̃[U
  ɂ́CLAN̍\ZLeBɂčlȂ΂Ȃ܂D


  2.1.  LAN̍\

  ̃zXgڑLAN\ꍇ̃qg܂DLAN
  ʂɊւẮC </usr/doc/JF/LAN-mini-HOWTO.txt.gz>QƂĂ
  D


     [UǗ

        P̃zXgȂꍇ́C/etc/passwdɃ[Uo^Ηǂ
        łC̃zXgꍇɂ́CSẴzXg̃t@C
        邱Ƃ͑ςłDLAN\ꍇCNIS(YP)ɂă[U
        Ǘ@܂D </usr/doc/JF/NIS-HOWTO.txt.gz> ɐݒ
        @Ă܂̂ŎQƂĂD


     t@CVXe̋L

        ̃zXĝǂɃOCĂ𓾂悤ɂɂ́C
        z[fBNg(/home)SẴzXgŋLKv
        DlɁC /usr/localȂǂL邱Ƃł܂D̋L
        ɂ NFS}Egp܂Dz[fBNgǗt@C
        T[oݒ肵܂DezXg̓t@CT[õt@CVXe
        (fBXN)}Eg邱ƂŁC[JɎĂt@CV
        XeƓlɗp邱Ƃł܂DݒɂĂ
        </usr/doc/JF/NFS-HOWTO.txt.gz> QƂĉD


     zXgIPAhX

        zXgIPAhXΉtɂ͂̕@܂DP
        zXg̏ꍇCKvȃzXg /etc/hostsɋLqΗǂł
        C̃zXgǗꍇCSẴzXg̃t@C
        ̂͑ςłDŁCOq́u[UǗvƓl NISp
        邱Ƃł܂D


        ɁCLANɂezXgLANOANZXł悤ɂɂ́C
        l[T[oɃzXgIPAhXo^Kv܂D㗬
        ̃hCɃl[T[oꍇ́Cɓo^Ă炦΃AN
        ZXł܂DƎ̃l[T[oݒ肷ꍇ́C㗬̃h
        C̊Ǘ҂ɑkĂݒ肵ĂDݒ@
        </usr/doc/JF/DNS-HOWTO.txt.gz> ɏĂ܂D


     IP}XJ[h

        LANɂzXgɃvCx[glbg[NIPAhXt
        ꍇĈ܂܂łLANOɃANZX邱Ƃ͂ł܂DIP }XJ
        [h𗘗pƁCIPAhXo^ĂȂzXgł[^
        ƂĐݒ肳ĂzXgoRăANZX邱Ƃł܂D
        ݒ@ </usr/doc/JF/IP-Masquerade.txt.gz>QƂĂ
        D


        vCx[glbg[Nɂ͈ȉ̃AhX\񂳂Ă܂D



             10.0.0.0        -   10.255.255.255
             172.16.0.0      -   172.31.255.255
             192.168.0.0     -   192.168.255.255



     [eBO(oH)

        LAÑzXgOɃANZXɂ́CʐMł悤ɌoH(
        [g) ߂Kv܂Dݒ@
        </usr/doc/JF/NET-3-HOWTO.txt.gz> QƂĂD



  2.2.  ZLeB

  LANC^[lbgɐڑĂꍇCO̕s@ȐNɔĂ
  Kv܂D܂CLANɂĂCVXeǗ҈ȊÕ[U
  root擾ł邱Ƃ͍D܂܂Dł̓ZLeBɂ
  Ẵqg܂DZLeBʂɂĂ
  </usr/doc/JF/Security-HOWTO.txt.gz> QƂĂD


     shadow pX[h

        ɁCǂȌ`ԂłC^[lbgɐڑꍇC̊
        邾łȂÕlbg[N֖fȂ߂ɂCZL
        eB[ɂ͏\ɋCĂKv܂D Vine Linux ł́C
        CXg[ MD5pX[hƃVh[pX[h̎gpI
        悤ɂȂĂ܂DVXẽpX[hVXe shadow p
        X[hɂɂ́Croot [UŎ̂悤ɂ܂Dڂ man
        5 shadowCman pwconv,  </usr/doc/JF/Shadow-Password-
        HOWTO.txt.gz> ȂǂQƂĂD



          # /usr/sbin/pwconv



     pwconvsƁC/etc/passwd̃pX[htB[h x ɂȂC
     ÍꂽpX[hی삳܂D܂CÍꂽpX[h
     /etc/shadowɏ܂܂Cʃ[U͓ǂ߂Ȃ悤ɂȂ
     Ă̂ŔrISłD


          # cd /etc
          # ls -l *passwd* *shadow*
          -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          777 Jan 30 13:05 /etc/passwd
          # /usr/sbin/pwconv
          # ls -l *passwd* *shadow*
          -rw-r--r--   1 root     root          738 Jan 30 13:05 /etc/passwd
          -r--------   1 root     root          587 Jan 30 13:05 /etc/shadow



     shadow pX[hgƔF؂KvȈꕔ̃AvP[V܂
     삵Ȃꍇ悤łDCWŃCXg[Av
     P[V̑(telnet, ftpȂ) shadow pX[hɑΉĂ
     ܂D shadow߂ɂ /usr/sbin/pwunconvs܂D
      su̐
        VXeǗsɂ́CsuR}hp܂Dʃ[U suR
        }h𗘗pȂ悤ɂɂ́C܂CVXeǗ҂
        /etc/group wheelɒǉ܂DɁC/etc/pam.d/su Ɉȉǉ
        ܂D



          auth       required     /lib/security/pam_wheel.so debug group=wheel



     ƁC/etc/group wheelɓo^ꂽ[U suR}h
     s邱ƂłȂȂ܂D


      shutdown̐
        T[oȂǂ shutdownR}hʃ[UɎsĂ͍
        DŁCshutdownR}hs郆[U𐧌邱Ƃł
        D/etc/shutdown.allow Ƃt@CƁCɋLqꂽ
        [UOCĂƂCshutdownR}hs邱
        ł܂D



                  $ cat /etc/shutdown.allow
                  user1
                  user2
                  user3



     t@CAEH[(hΕ)ƃtB^O
        LANO̐N邽߂Ƀt@CAEH[(hΕ)\z
        邱Ƃł܂Dݒ@  </usr/doc/JF/Firewall-
        HOWTO.txt.gz> Ă܂Dt@CAEH[\z
        ƁCLAN̓ƊOł͒ڃANZX邱Ƃ͂łȂȂ܂C
        CIPtB^OsƂŁC̋@\cƂ
        ł܂Dݒ@ </usr/doc/JF/ipchains-mini-HOWTO.txt.gz>
        QƂĂD


     tcp_wrapperɂANZX
        ȒPȃANZX̕@ƂāCtcp_wrapper(tcpd)܂D
        </etc/inetd.conf>݂ƗlXȃT[rXC/usr/sbin/tcpdɂ
        ĎsĂ邱Ƃ킩܂Dtcpdf[͐ڑv
        ̃zXg`FbNCANZX邩Ȃ𔻒f
        D̃ANZXƋۂ͂ꂼ </etc/hosts.allow>
        </etc/hosts.deny>ɐݒ肳܂DႦ΁COopensshŃAN
        ZX邽߁CtelnetrshCrloginȂǂɂăANZXłȂ
        ɂꍇ́C/etc/hosts.denyɈȉ̂悤ɋLq܂D


          in.telnetd: ALL
          in.rshd: ALL
          in.rlogind: ALL



     Cꕔ̃zXg(Ⴆvinelinux.orghC̃zXg)̓ANZ
     Xꍇ́C̃zXg/etc/hosts.allowɋLq܂D
          ALL: LOCAL
          in.telnetd: .vinelinux.org



     ڍׂman hosts.allow, jman hosts_optionsQƂĉD



  3.  eT[őN

  Vine Linux͂܂܂ȃT[opł悤ɂȂĂ܂Dł́C
  ̃T[oN邽߂̕@ȒPɎ܂DCꂼ
  ݒ͂ǂ̂悤ɗp̂ɂĈقȂ܂̂ŁCł͏qׂ܂
  D}jA/usr/doc/ ȉɂepbP[W̃hLgQƂ
  ĉDT[oɊւʓIȂƂ́C
  </usr/doc/JF/Networking-Overview-HOWTO.txt.gz>QƂĂD


  3.1.  x (Run Level)

  xƂ̓VXȅԂ̂ƂłDLinuxł͈ȉ̃x0
  6܂Œ`ĂCxύX邱ƂɂăVXȅ
  ς邱Ƃł܂DɎ̐߂ŏqׂeT[o̓xɉ
  ċN܂DuCXg[̐ݒsɂ <install-vine.html>v
  ́uT[rX̐ݒvQƂĉD


  o  x 0 : VXe̒~

  o  x 1 : VO[U[h

  o  x 2 : }`[U[h (NFS}EgȂ)

  o  x 3 : }`[U[h (ʏ : R\[OC)

  o  x 4 : gp

  o  x 5 : }`[U[h (ʏ : fBXvC}l[Wg
     p)

  o  x 6 : VXe̍ċN


  xύXɂ telinitR}hp܂Dx 5ɕύX
  ɂ͎̂悤ɂ܂D


       # /sbin/telinit 5



  telinit 0sƃVXe̒~(halt)s܂D܂Ctelinit 6
  sƃVXe̍ċN(reboot)s܂D



  3.2.  T[őNƒ~

  啔̃T[őNƒ~ /etc/rc.d/init.d/ ɒuꂽXNvg
  Đ䂷邱Ƃł܂DrootɂȂĈȉ(server)̏K؂Ȗ
  OɂƁCg\܂D

               # /etc/rc.d/init.d/(server)

             # /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypbind
               Usage: ypbind {start|stop|status|restart}



  ypbind̏ꍇCstart(N)ƁCstop(~)Cstatus(Ԃ̕\
  )Crestart(ċN)sƂł܂D


  ̃T[oVXeNƂ炷Ɏgꍇ́CuVX
  eĐݒ肵悤 <login.html>v́uT[rX̐ݒvQƂĉ
  D


  ftpT[oȂǂ̂̃T[o inetdɂėvƂɎI
  ɋN̂܂DNT[rX /etc/inetd.conf
  <file:/etc/inetd.conf>QƂĉD



  3.3.  płȃT[o

  Vine LinuxɕtĂȃT[oɂ͈ȉ̂悤Ȃ̂܂D


     NIS (YP) Server

        NIS(Network Information Service)LAN̒ł̃[UǗzXg
        ̊ǗɎgƂł܂DypservCypbindCyp-toolsCXg
        [ĉD </usr/doc/JF/NIS-HOWTO.txt.gz> ɐݒ̎d
        Ă܂DT[o̐ݒt@C /etc/ypserv.conf
        <file:/etc/ypserv.conf> ɂCNCAg̐ݒt@C
        /etc/yp.conf <file:/etc/yp.conf>ɂ܂D NIS̏
        /var/yp/ȉɒu܂D


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypserv {start|stop}
                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/ypbind {start|stop}
                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/yppasswdd {start|stop}



     łD


     DNS Server (l[T[o)

        LANȂIPAhXƃzXg̑Ήtsɂ
        /etc/hostsNIS𗘗pł܂CWebT[o⃁[T[oȂǂ^
        pɂ̓C^[lbgANZXĂ炤Kv܂D
        ̂߁CDNST[oݒ肵CLANÕzXgOł悤
        ɂ܂D bind, bind-utilsCXg[ĉD
        </usr/doc/JF/DNS-HOWTO.txt.gz> ɐݒ̎dĂ܂D


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


             # /etc/rc.d/init.d/named {start|stop}



     łD


     Web/WWW/http Server

        World Wide Web(WWW)̂߂̃T[ołDɂ Apache𗘗p
        Ƃł܂Dݒt@C /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
        <file:/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf>ɒuĂ܂DServerName
        zXgݒ肷΂Ƃ肠N܂Ct̃}jA
        </home/httpd/html/manual/index.html>QƂCݒ肵ĉ
        D}jA HTML`ŏĂ̂ŃuEUgĎQ
        ĉDWWW̃gbvy[W /home/httpd/html/ɒu܂D


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/apache {start|stop}



     łD


     ApacheWWWy[W  <http://www.apache.org/> ł̂Ō䗗D


     FTP Server

        FTP(File Transfer Protocol)T[óCC^[lbgŃt@
        C]邽߂̃T[ołDVine Linux̃pbP[W FTPœ
        ł܂ˁDݒt@C  </etc/proftpd.conf>łDݒ̕
        @ݒႪ </usr/doc/proftpd-1.2.0rc2/>ɂ܂̂ŁAQl
        ĂB ftp̃gbvfBNg /home/ftp/ɂȂ܂D


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/proftpd {start|stop}



     łD


     Mail Server ([T[o)

        [펞M邽߂ɂ̓[T[oNĂKv
        ܂DvoC_Ƀ[͂ꍇ͕Kv܂D[T
        [oɂ postfix𗘗p邱Ƃł܂Dݒt@C
        /etc/postfix/ ȉɂ܂B
        </usr/doc/postfix-0.0.19991231pl09/>ȉɐݒ@ݒɊւ
        hLg܂Bsendmailڍsꍇ
        COMPATIBILITYQƂĂƗǂł傤D܂A{}j
        A(man postfix, man master)܂̂ŎQƂĉD



        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/postfix {start|stop}



     łD


     postfixWWWy[W <http://www.postfix.org/> ł̂Ō䗗D


     News Server (j[XT[o)

        j[XT[o͑̏ꍇCKv܂DЂwȂǑ傫
        gD1Α܂̂ŁClŐݒ肷邱Ƃ͂܂D
        Cj[XtB[hĂ炤߂ɏ㗬TCgȂ΂Ȃ
        Dj[XT[oɂ͂낢날܂CVine LinuxłINN
        pӂĂ܂DinnCXg[ƁC/etc/news/ȉɐݒ
        t@Cu܂D


        </usr/doc/JF/News-HOWTO.txt.gz>   </usr/doc/inn-2.2.2/>Ƀj
        [XɊւ鎖Ă܂D



     DHCP Server

        DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)T[óCIPAhX
        lbg}XNȂǂ̏NCAgɒ񋟂邽߂ɃT[ołD
        NCAg̃zXgɌŒIPAhXKvȂꍇȂǂɎg
        ܂DDHCPɊւ鎖  </usr/doc/JF/DHCP.txt.gz>QƂĉ
        Dݒt@C </usr/doc/dhcp-2.0/dhcpd.conf.sample>A
        /etc/dhcpd.confɃRs[ĂgBdhcpd.conf̏
        man dhcpd.confĉD


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd {start|stop}



     łD


     Samba SMB Server

        SMB(Session Message Block)WindowsȂǂŃfBXNv^
        L邽߂ɃvgRłDp邱ƂɂāCVine
        LinuxłWindows ȂǂƃfBXNv^L邱Ƃł
        DSMBɊւ鎖 </usr/doc/JF/SMB-HOWTO.txt.gz> QƂ
        Dݒt@C /etc/smb.conf/etc/smbusersȂǂłD
        gbvfBNg /home/sambaɂȂ܂D


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/smb {start|stop}

     łD


     NFS Server

        LANŃfBNg(t@CVXe)L邱Ƃł܂D
        ezXg͋LfBNg[JȃfBNgƓlɎg
        p邱Ƃł܂DႦ΃T[oƂȂzXg /usr/local 
        ̃zXgLĂꍇCc[Ȃǂ̃CXg[̓T[ozX
        ĝ݂ŗǂǗ̎ԂȂ܂DݒɂĂ
        </usr/doc/JF/NFS-HOWTO.txt.gz> QƂĉD


        NFSł͂ƃ}EgĂ܂Cautomount(I[g}Eg)
        pƕKvȂƂɂ}Eg܂DCD-ROMĂ
        /misc/cdɃANZXCD-ROM邱Ƃł̂́C
        automountĂ邩łDݒ̎d
        </usr/doc/JF/Automount.txt.gz> QƂĉD



     NTP Server

        NFSȂǂLAÑzXg𑊌݂ɐڑꍇCezXg𑵂̎
        Kv܂DNTP(Network Time Protocol)͓̎v𓯊
        ̂Ɏg܂Dݒt@C  </etc/ntp.conf> ɒuĂ
        DNTPɊւĂ  </usr/doc/JF/Clock.txt.gz> QƂĉD


        T[rX̋Nƒ~


                  # /etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd {start|stop}



     łD



